Skin infections: quick guide to causes, symptoms, and treatment

Skin infections are common and usually treatable. They happen when bacteria, fungi, or viruses break the skin's defenses. A small cut, insect bite, or damp skin can let germs in. Knowing the signs and what to try at home — and when to get help — saves time and prevents complications.

Common types include impetigo (red sores that crust), cellulitis (deep, painful redness and swelling), folliculitis (inflamed hair follicles), and fungal infections like ringworm or athlete's foot. Viral rashes such as herpes simplex also affect skin. Each type looks different, so pay attention to how the rash starts and spreads.

Typical symptoms are redness, warmth, swelling, pain, pus or blisters, and sometimes fever or swollen glands. Fungal infections often itch more than they hurt and may have a ring-like shape. Bacterial infections can spread fast and feel hot. If a sore produces yellow or green discharge, that usually means bacteria are involved.

For mild bacterial infections, simple wound care helps: clean the area with soap and water, keep it covered, and change dressings daily. Over-the-counter antiseptics can reduce surface germs. Many minor fungal infections respond well to topical antifungal creams applied for the recommended days. Follow package directions and keep the area dry.

When to see a doctor

Seek medical help if redness or swelling grows, you develop fever, red streaks extend from the site, or the wound hurts a lot. Also see a doctor when home care doesn't improve the problem in 48–72 hours. People with diabetes, weak immune systems, or poor circulation should get earlier care because infections can worsen quickly.

A clinician will examine the skin and may take a swab or blood test if the infection seems serious. Treatment can include prescription topical or oral antibiotics for bacterial infections, or systemic antifungals for widespread fungal cases. Your provider will pick a medicine based on the likely cause and how severe it is.

Prevention and practical tips

Wash hands often and keep cuts clean and covered. Avoid sharing towels, razors, or clothing when someone has a contagious skin infection. Change socks daily and wear breathable shoes to prevent athlete's foot. Trim nails to lower the chance of scratching and spreading germs.

Don't squeeze or pick at sores — that pushes bacteria deeper and delays healing. Use the full course of prescribed medication even if the skin looks better after a few days. If you buy over-the-counter treatments, read labels and avoid mixing products unless a pharmacist or doctor approves.

Most skin infections clear with simple care or a short prescription. If you stay alert for warning signs and follow hygiene basics, you can prevent many problems. When in doubt, check with a healthcare provider — early treatment usually means faster recovery.

If you have recurrent infections, tell your doctor. They might test for underlying causes like eczema, fungal carriers, or immune issues. Sometimes simple changes — better foot care, switching shaving routines, or treating household pets — stop repeat infections. Keep notes on triggers and treatments to discuss at visits with your provider.